Several breakthrough biological and synthetic technologies are advancing therapeutic frontiers. This includes a multivalent mRNA vaccine offering protection against monkeypox in animal models; biomimetic low-temperature contracting fibers with applications in soft robotics; and novel nanoparticle platforms for multi-epitope tumor targeting enhancing immunotherapy precision. Additionally, enzyme-based pathways controlling cancer metabolism and recent insights into SKP2's role in pediatric liver cancer point to growing molecular understanding that could guide future treatments.