Recent studies have illuminated novel cancer therapeutic strategies focusing on metabolic shifts and molecular targets. Research reveals mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming as a key driver of colorectal cancer drug resistance, while FAM111B knockdown shows promise in suppressing ovarian cancer by regulating MYC expression. Additionally, new biomarkers such as the cachexia index in gastric cancer and circulating Hsp70 in thoracic cancers offer improved prognostic utility. These insights open pathways for precision oncology approaches and overcoming therapy resistance.