Cutting-edge research has unveiled diverse molecular targets and treatment strategies across multiple cancer types. Noteworthy developments include a synthetic ligand engineered via AI to activate Notch signaling for T-cell immunotherapy enhancement; novel prognostic markers MLH1 and GPRC5C in hepatocellular carcinoma; and promising tyrosine kinase inhibitors exhibiting efficacy in colorectal cancer. These studies expand the therapeutic landscape, offering refined approaches for personalized oncology interventions.