Recent studies reveal critical molecular mechanisms influencing cancer aggressiveness and therapeutic response. Highlights include identification of metabolic activity of visceral fat driving endometrial cancer progression, novel prognostic markers FUCA1 and FUCA2 in glioma, post-translational acylation signatures impacting hepatocellular carcinoma outcomes, and PLK1 inhibition enhancing gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting new therapeutic targets.