Recent studies highlight advances in understanding and managing neurological diseases. Novel imaging techniques combining U-Net and ResNet models enhance Alzheimer’s disease hippocampus segmentation, improving diagnostic precision. Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) is shown to boost outcomes in Parkinson’s disease motor symptom management. AI algorithms improve early detection and classification of neurological conditions such as Kawasaki disease and neurocognitive disorders. These developments open avenues for personalized therapy and improved patient monitoring in neurodegenerative diseases.