Recent research introduces novel methodologies and findings to enhance neonatal and pediatric healthcare. Notably, innovative protocols for prenatal surgical repair of myelomeningocele reduce long-term feeding needs. Advances in neonatal point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) training and quality standards aim to improve diagnostic capabilities. Furthermore, studies elucidate systemic hypotension's influence on neonatal cerebral perfusion and develop predictive algorithms for neonatal CO₂ retention, supporting improved clinical monitoring and outcomes in vulnerable populations.