The fight against infectious diseases advances with innovative vaccines and antimicrobial discoveries. A multivalent mRNA vaccine showed protective efficacy against monkeypox in mice, addressing zoonotic pandemic threats. Computational biology enabled design of a vaccine candidate for Trichomonas vaginalis, a prevalent non-viral STI. Novel lipopetide antibiotics from natural products demonstrated activity against Candida auris, a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen. Efforts also include targeting Acinetobacter baumannii adhesion proteins to prevent catheter-associated infections. These developments highlight ongoing progress in combating antimicrobial resistance and emerging pathogens.