Researchers at VIB and VUB unveiled an orthotopic lung adenocarcinoma model paired with advanced single-cell sequencing to map the immune microenvironment in lung tumors. The study focuses on how tumor location reshapes immune response, generating what the report describes as one of the most detailed immune landscapes in lung cancer. By using a highly patient-relevant model architecture and single-cell resolution, the work aims to dissect compartment-specific immune infiltration and cell state differences that can be missed in less spatially faithful systems. The findings may help guide trial design and biomarker strategies by making tumor–immune interactions more anatomically explicit for future immunotherapy and combination approaches.