Significant advances in plant biology highlight mechanisms of immunity and sustainable farming practices. Research in Arabidopsis has revealed a root-originating N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) circuit that regulates systemic immune responses and developmental trade-offs, deepening understanding of plant defense. Concurrent studies clarify the salicylic acid biosynthesis pathway in rice, refining knowledge of plant immune regulation. Additionally, agrivoltaics demonstrates mitigation of midday photosynthetic depression in dryland crops, offering climate-adaptive agricultural strategies, while bio-based farming approaches in Europe and sustainable coconut farming in India address environmental and nutritional resilience.