Emerging studies have deepened understanding of dietary impacts on chronic and neurological conditions via metabolic and immunological pathways. Research from the Buck Institute reveals migration of colonic immune cells to the brain in Alzheimer’s models, modulated by chemokine signals and influenced by high-fiber diets (8e22f547e452285d). Nicotinamide mononucleotide protects ovarian function during chemotherapy (b3c5cdedb084e453). High-salt diets exacerbate prostatitis through Th17 cell modulation (a771156fa4dc4af7). These insights underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting metabolic and immune pathways for disease management.