Researchers at Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital developed a predictive model using baseline aqueous humor cytokine levels to identify diabetic macular edema patients likely to respond to anti-VEGF therapy. The work aims to support treatment selection by distinguishing responders from non-responders before therapy begins. For clinicians, the approach reinforces a move toward biomarker-guided ophthalmology—where treatment failures drive repeat injections and downstream vision loss.