Recent studies explore the nuanced impacts of diabetes medications and obesity treatments on health outcomes. Research highlights empagliflozin's benefits for cardiovascular and renal parameters in obese diabetic patients, real-world implications of oral semaglutide for type 2 diabetes therapy switching, and the ongoing debate between dual incretin receptor agonists versus selective GLP-1 receptor agonists for cardioprotection. Additionally, amylin is recognized for its regulatory role in glucose metabolism and appetite control.