A meta-analysis links long-term metformin use with peripheral neuropathy risk, attributing part of the association to vitamin B12 depletion affecting about a third of treated patients. A nested case-control study identifies circulating miR-335-5p as an early warning marker for diabetes: levels rise once diabetes is diagnosed yet fall before onset, and the biomarker partly mediates links to NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Finally, a risk calculator for cholesterol spikes in people with type 2 diabetes uses routine clinical variables to estimate one-, three-, and five-year LDL-C elevation risk—aiming to bring earlier intensification decisions into routine care.