Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and collaborators published biophysical analyses mapping the architecture of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), revealing distinct shapes and internal arrangements that correlate with delivery performance. Using orthogonal techniques to preserve particle integrity, the team showed that formulation differences yield predictable structural classes tied to potency and tissue targeting. The insights enable rational LNP design—matching particle geometry and composition to specific therapeutic goals—rather than the historical trial‑and‑error approach. The results are timely as companies push RNA therapeutics and gene‑editing payloads into diverse tissues.