The University of California and University of Vienna secured a court ruling that has revived their challenge for key patents on CRISPR–Cas9 gene-editing technology, originally awarded to the Broad Institute. The appeals court sent the case back to the Patent Trial and Appeal Board for reconsideration, disputing the prior tribunal's focus on when successful gene editing was demonstrated rather than on invention conception. This decision renews negotiations and legal disputes over intellectual property rights fundamental to CRISPR technology commercialization, involving Nobel laureates Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier.