Recent studies have advanced understanding of CRISPR-Cas systems and epigenetic editing, enabling more durable gene silencing without permanent DNA alteration. Researchers discovered that functional RNA splitting events drove the evolutionary emergence of type V CRISPR systems, clarifying their origins and expanding the toolkit for genome editing. Optimized epigenetic regulators have shown efficiency in silencing PCSK9 gene in primates, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for disorders linked to cholesterol regulation. These technological strides promise to expand precision medicine applications and genetic therapies.