The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services proposed two mandatory Medicare payment models designed to lower prices for branded drugs by benchmarking costs to prices paid in comparable countries. The demonstrations target drugs paid under Medicare Parts B and D and are linked to the administration’s broader most‑favored‑nation (MFN) pricing push. The proposals follow voluntary pricing agreements between the White House and several pharma companies that focus mainly on Medicaid and cash prices. Industry groups have signaled they may challenge mandatory demos, while payers and policymakers argue the models could cut Medicare drug spending substantially if implemented. The proposals are expected to spur legal and policy debates early next year.