Nature Biotechnology published a review by Payne and colleagues summarizing clinical progress of engineered cellular immunotherapies directed at autoimmune diseases. The review catalogs recent human trials of engineered T cells, regulatory T‑cell products, and antigen‑specific cell therapies, assessing safety signals, persistence, and early efficacy readouts across indications such as type 1 diabetes and autoimmune cytopenias. The authors highlight translational bottlenecks including antigen selection, off‑target risks and scalable manufacturing, and they discuss next‑generation engineering strategies to enhance specificity and durability. Engineered cellular immunotherapy refers to live immune cells modified ex vivo to alter antigen recognition or function before reinfusion into patients; these products are entering early clinical testing for autoimmunity following oncology precedents.