Several clinical research breakthroughs highlight progress against difficult diseases. St. Jude researchers characterized how B-cell developmental stages influence pediatric leukemia treatment response, refining therapeutic targeting (Nature Cancer). A novel urine-based tumor DNA assay predicts recurrence risks in bladder cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy, improving personalized care (European Urology). Further, a novel organ chip platform models esophageal adenocarcinoma chemotherapy response reflecting tumor microenvironment complexity, enabling precision oncology. These studies offer new diagnostic and stratification tools supporting enhanced treatment tailoring in clinical settings.