Significant progress has been made in understanding and managing neonatal and pulmonary conditions. A study elucidated cardiorespiratory improvements following transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants, highlighting reduced respiratory support needs. Automated EEG analysis now enables early outcome prediction for hypothermia-treated newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, potentially guiding individualized therapies. Concurrently, neonatal corticosteroid therapy is being optimized to balance lung benefits against neuroinflammatory risks. Longitudinal research reveals enduring impaired lung and heart function into adulthood among extremely premature individuals, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and intervention.