Significant progress unfolds in cancer treatment research. MapLight Therapeutics raised $372.5 million to advance a muscarinic receptor agonist platform for CNS disorders, including schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. New antibody-drug conjugates targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 and B7-H3 exhibit promise against small-cell lung and other cancers. Studies reveal mechanisms of tumor drug resistance driven by cancer-associated fibroblasts, while novel radioimmunotherapies targeting ovarian cancer stem cells demonstrate efficacy in preclinical models. Furthermore, the identification of molecular factors facilitating metastasis and tumor immune evasion continues to guide therapeutic innovation.