China’s National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) issued final implementation measures for drug trial data protection, a step aimed at tightening rules around pharmaceutical intellectual property. The final measures are intended to align China’s data-exclusivity framework more closely with global standards, affecting how companies structure registrational strategies, rely on prior trial data, and protect competitive positioning. For biopharma, the policy can influence decisions on local and multinational development timelines, data package assembly, and partnering—especially where bridging studies or reliance pathways are used. The finalization means companies can move from consultation to compliance planning, while regulators and industry will watch how the measures are applied in real review processes.