An international proteomics team led by Matthias Mann and Jakob Bader identified 22 cerebrospinal‑fluid protein markers for multiple sclerosis (MS) using high‑throughput liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and developed a targeted mass spectrometry assay, the authors reported in Cell. The study began with unbiased profiling across 5,031 CSF samples and narrowed candidates through iterative validation, benchmarking proposed markers against established diagnostics such as oligoclonal bands. The authors propose the panel could aid earlier and more accurate MS diagnosis and prognosis, potentially addressing cases where oligoclonal bands are absent. The team highlighted both immunoglobulin‑related proteins and other pathways implicated in MS biology. If clinically validated in prospective cohorts, a robust multiplexed MS CSF assay could refine diagnostic certainty and influence timing of disease‑modifying therapy initiation; the paper calls for further validation and benchmarking in defined medical use cases.