Moderna disclosed its first in vivo CAR-T program, aiming to move an autoimmune disease candidate into clinical development next year. The company framed the approach as an off-the-shelf alternative to ex vivo CAR T workflows, building on a broader in vivo engineering effort. Separately, Circio and Tcelltech agreed to combine Circio’s circVec circular RNA expression technology with Tcelltech’s non-viral episomal nanoSMAR vector platform. The collaboration is designed to enable in vivo T-cell engineering without viral vectors, prioritizing safety and manufacturability. Taken together, the updates highlight a continued push toward scalable engineering strategies—either by shifting CAR T into the body or by engineering delivery platforms that avoid viral constraints.