A preclinical study showed CAR‑macrophage therapy significantly reduced liver fibrosis in mouse models, demonstrating improved histology and reduced fibrotic markers after treatment. The authors engineered macrophages with a chimeric antigen receptor to target profibrotic cells and delivered them systemically, reporting durable antifibrotic effects in multiple fibrotic models. The research, presented with mechanistic readouts, names CAR‑macrophages as a cell-based immunotherapy approach distinct from CAR‑T cells; here the effector cell is innate rather than lymphoid. Translational barriers remain—human dosing, trafficking to fibrotic liver tissue and safety—but the results provide a potential new modality for a condition with few effective targeted therapies.