Groups reported methods for large‑scale manufacture of CAR‑engineered induced natural killer (CAR‑iNK) cells and surfaced next‑generation engineered T‑cell innovations, aiming to broaden off‑the‑shelf cell therapy options. One report details workflows to mass‑produce CAR‑iNK at clinical scale, addressing a major bottleneck for allogeneic cell therapies. A separate piece summarized a wave of engineered T‑cell platform advances, including design tweaks to improve persistence, safety and manufacturability. Together the reports outline parallel advances in cell design and process engineering that could accelerate trials for both oncology and autoimmunity. Manufacturing scale and biologic design are tightly coupled: improvements in upstream production lower per‑patient cost and make repeated or earlier dosing strategies feasible. Developers highlighted preclinical safety readouts and manufacturing reproducibility as key next milestones.