Research is advancing rapidly on novel cancer treatments focusing beyond tumor cells to their microenvironment. Targeting the LncRNA938/TAF9/TTK axis shows enhanced suppression of hepatoblastoma via inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, suggesting potential therapeutic targets. Likewise, a fuse protein dual-targeting VEGFR2 and DR5 exhibits improved antiangiogenic effects, elucidating multi-receptor strategies. In ovarian cancer, predictors of efficacy for immune checkpoint inhibitors in platinum-resistant cases provide clinical guidance. Additionally, osteopontin from hypoxic M2 macrophages is implicated in osteosarcoma progression, highlighting tumor-associated macrophages as therapeutic targets.