A Phase 1 study of a peptide vaccine targeting six common mutant KRAS variants (mKRAS-VAX) reported safety and immunogenicity results in high-risk pancreatic cancer cohorts. In 20 participants, researchers observed mKRAS-specific T-cell responses in 18/20 (90%) and reported no pancreatic cancer development over a median 16.5-month follow-up, with some precursor lesion changes noted.