Major strides in cancer biology and therapeutics were revealed across various malignancies. Breast cancer cells were shown to appropriate mitochondria from neurons to enhance metastatic colonization, illuminating a novel metabolic interplay. Advances in antibody-drug conjugates continue with bispecific ADCs targeting colorectal and endometrial cancers, promising improved efficacy. Glioblastoma studies exposed metabolic and molecular pathways amenable to therapy, including panobinostat’s synergy with adagrasib and ER stress targeting. Additionally, radioimmunotherapy demonstrated potential in eliminating ovarian cancer stem cells, while novel ACLY inhibitors reprogrammed liver tumor microenvironments to stimulate immune responses led by B cells. These cutting-edge findings offer new avenues for precise, metabolism-based and immunologically focused cancer treatments.