Groundbreaking molecular and genomic research is yielding new drug targets and therapeutic approaches across cancer types. Studies reveal EMP1 as a prognostic driver in pancreatic cancer, and XPR1’s role in ovarian cancer autophagy and immune evasion. Alk3 receptor agonist THR-123 stimulates pancreatic beta-cell regeneration, offering diabetes treatment potential. Novel inhibitors targeting c-Myc, KRAS, Mat2A, and YAP1/TEAD interactions emerge as promising anticancer agents. These insights deepen understanding of tumor biology and open pathways for advanced therapies.