Kwon and colleagues reported preclinical data demonstrating that cyclic di‑GMP (c‑di‑GMP) augments TLR4‑based vaccine responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In animal studies the adjuvant enhanced antigen‑specific Th1 responses, lung homing of effector cells and reduced bacterial burden after challenge, indicating improved vaccine efficacy relative to non‑adjuvanted controls. The authors suggest c‑di‑GMP could be paired with TLR4‑targeted constructs to strengthen protective immunity in TB vaccines under development. The findings justify further translational work, including dose optimization and safety profiling, to evaluate clinical potential in TB vaccine candidates.