Innovations in drug delivery and synthetic biology continue to transform therapeutic possibilities. Researchers developed poly-L-histidine-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted doxorubicin delivery in cancer therapy, enhancing specificity and efficacy. Meanwhile, engineered mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains exhibiting acrolein resistance have enabled non-GMO glutathione boosts, opening new prospects in biotechnology. Additionally, peptide-ionizable lipid nanoparticles (PILOT LNPs) have been fabricated to direct mRNA therapeutics to specific organs, overcoming liver tropism limitations. These advances highlight the integration of materials science and bioengineering in expanding precision medicine.