Recent Parkinson’s disease studies shed light on underlying neurobiological mechanisms and innovative therapies. Investigations link glymphatic system asymmetry to the lateralized onset of symptoms, while deep brain stimulation at theta frequencies has shown improvements in conflict resolution deficits. Additionally, fecal microbiota transplantation safety was demonstrated in a pilot study, reinforcing gut-brain axis relevance. Molecular insights reveal distinct nigral and cortical pathways in models, and a significant research grant supports GBA1-targeted therapeutics. These advances deepen understanding and potential treatment avenues.