Recent pivotal studies have unveiled promising treatment modalities and biomarkers in oncology. Eli Lilly’s breast cancer drug Verzenio demonstrated a survival benefit in early hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Novel bispecific antibodies targeting PD-1/VEGF reveal improved outcomes in non-small-cell lung cancer. Investigations into lactylation and miRNA resistance expand understanding of tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Liquid biopsy platforms are advancing personalized cancer diagnosis and monitoring, exemplified by multiomics biomarker detection entering early access programs.