Innovative efforts are enhancing our understanding and potential treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Studies have elucidated the neurovascular parallels between chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment and aging brains, identifying blood-brain barrier disruptions and inflammation as central factors. In Dementia with Lewy Bodies, researchers identified reduced α-synuclein levels in red blood cells, proposing a new peripheral biomarker avenue. Additionally, novel PROTAC compounds targeting hematological and autoimmune diseases are emerging as promising therapeutic tools, reflecting ongoing progress in addressing neurological and immune-mediated conditions.