Emerging research sheds light on mechanisms and interventions in neurodegenerative diseases. Parse Biosciences and Mount Sinai partnered on a large-scale single-cell transcriptomic study examining alternative splicing in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. New findings describe how reduced α-synuclein protein levels in red blood cells differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from related disorders. Additionally, advances in astrocyte-glioma interaction tracing elucidate immune suppression mechanisms in glioblastoma, potentially guiding immunotherapeutic developments. These insights deepen the molecular understanding of neurodegeneration and offer new diagnostic and therapeutic pathways.