Progress in neurodegenerative diseases continues with novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Octave Bioscience’s proteomic MSDA test gains funding to establish itself as a multiple sclerosis standard of care and expands Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease assessments. Studies elucidate asymmetric tau and amyloid accumulation patterns in Alzheimer’s, offering new pathological understanding. Additionally, semaglutide exhibits potential to reduce cocaine use in addiction models, suggesting repurposed therapeutics for neurological disorders.