Groundbreaking studies have deepened understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and brain physiology. New evidence confirms ongoing neurogenesis in adult human brains, identifying active neural precursor cells up to age 78. Advanced MRI techniques reveal microstructural brain changes linked to Parkinson’s disease progression and therapy success. Digital speech biomarkers provide a novel method for tracking levodopa effects in Parkinson’s patients, offering potential for improved symptom management. Additionally, AI models have been employed to unravel cognitive decision-making processes, enhancing neuroscience insights.