Innovative research from Stanford Medicine and collaborators has demonstrated a promising therapeutic avenue for neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases such as Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease through transplantation of allogeneic microglia into the brain. This approach bypasses traditional hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, achieving substantial engraftment and mitigating neurodegeneration in mouse models. Complementing these findings, Harvard Medical School researchers revealed lithium deficiency as an early event in Alzheimer’s disease pathology, with novel amyloid-evading lithium compounds reversing disease markers and restoring memory in preclinical models. Such advances open potential for novel interventions targeting microglial function and neurodegenerative processes.