Innovative methodologies transforming metabolomic analysis and molecular research have been unveiled. Ion-exchange chromatography mass spectrometry (AEC-MS) protocols now enable large-scale, sensitive metabolite profiling across cells, tissues, and biofluids with minimal preparation, expanding applications in biomarker discovery and disease research. Complementing this, advanced studies reveal novel protein evolution techniques in mammalian cells using viral mutagenesis, enhancing therapeutic protein optimization. Concurrently, refined electrochemical and photonic technologies empower precise mechanistic studies, opening paths for next-generation diagnostics and drug design.