Recent data from the 2025 World Conference on Lung Cancer have highlighted advances and challenges in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). BioNTech and Bristol Myers demonstrated promising tumor shrinkage with pumitamig, a bispecific PD-1 and VEGF inhibitor, in Phase 2. However, Summit Therapeutics disclosed disappointing overall survival results for ivonescimab despite progression-free survival gains. Meanwhile, Merck and Daiichi Sankyo's antibody-drug conjugate ifinatamab deruxtecan showed meaningful response rates in extensive-stage SCLC, receiving FDA breakthrough therapy designation. Additionally, surgical intervention post-EGFR TKI therapy and novel immunotherapy combinations suggest potential to prolong survival. The data reflect ongoing innovation and complexities in lung cancer treatment regimens.