Promising advances highlight novel preventative and therapeutic strategies against infectious diseases. A single gene therapy injection administered at birth in primate models conferred prolonged protection against HIV-1, exploiting neonatal immune tolerance for lasting antibody expression. Australian researchers discovered that HIV antiretrovirals can inhibit HTLV-1 transmission in mice, representing potential treatments for this neglected virus. Additionally, researchers identified key biomarkers for EBV-linked pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis using single-cell methods, advancing early diagnosis. These findings progress the field of infectious disease control with innovative biomedical interventions.