Emerging research advances vaccine and antimicrobial development against global health threats. A multivalent mRNA vaccine shows robust protection against monkeypox in animal models, reflecting progress in pandemic preparedness. A novel vaccination strategy targeting Acinetobacter baumannii adhesins sheds light on catheter-associated infection prevention. Meanwhile, computational approaches design vaccine candidates against Trichomonas vaginalis, the world's most common non-viral STI. Concurrent studies reveal shifting antimalarial drug resistance in Uganda, emphasizing adaptive treatment needs.