Recent studies deliver insights into neurological health and potential interventions. Prospekta, a novel compound, has shown cognitive enhancement in aging rat models simulating age-related decline. Fecal microbiota transplants demonstrated promise in modifying gut microbiome composition to treat Alzheimer's disease, revealing gut-brain axis therapeutic potential. Additionally, Shikonin inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma via p53 activation, emphasizing natural compound utilities in aggressive brain tumors. These findings open new avenues for managing neurodegeneration and cancer.