Innovative research sheds light on mechanisms of cancer drug resistance and novel therapeutic targets. Genetic barcoding studies reveal phenotype dynamics as cancer cells adapt under treatment pressure. Additionally, the CHEK2 gene emerges as a promising immunotherapy target in solid tumors by modulating DNA repair and immune activation pathways. Parallelly, research targeting NUP98 fusion proteins in pediatric leukemia identifies key histone acetyltransferases, offering new intervention routes. These advances underpin precision oncology strategies aimed at overcoming resistance and improving patient outcomes.