Recent studies advance cancer care with novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Indiana University secured FDA clearance for the first blood test detecting Alzheimer’s amyloid pathology, enhancing early diagnosis. Avidity Biosciences gained FDA agreement to seek accelerated approval for del-brax in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Research into tumor microenvironments revealed macrophage-associated lncRNAs driving breast cancer metastasis, while emerging cytokine adjuvants bolster mRNA vaccine T-cell responses, offering potential for improved immunotherapies.