Multiple groundbreaking studies have revealed that small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells form functional synapses with neurons, integrating into neural circuits to promote tumor growth. This neuro-cancer synaptic signaling challenges previous assumptions about cancer microenvironments and identifies novel pathways driving malignancy and metastasis. Research published in leading journals including Nature and presented at WCLC 2025 highlights this neural interface's role, opening new therapeutic avenues targeting cancer-nerve interactions.