Scientists at IBEC and West China Hospital developed a novel bioactive nanoparticle therapy that restores blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, promoting clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques central to Alzheimer's disease pathology. Unlike conventional nanomedicine focusing on delivering drugs, this therapy targets vascular transport mechanisms to remove toxic proteins. In mouse models, the treatment significantly reduced brain Aβ levels and reversed cognitive deficits with sustained effects for six months. This study establishes a new paradigm for targeting vascular contributions in neurodegenerative diseases and advancing precision neurovascular medicine.