Researchers at MIT have developed an AI-driven approach using a transformer-based neural network named Composite Material Transformer (COMET) to design optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for RNA vaccine and therapeutic delivery. This method analyzes thousands of delivery particle formulations, predicting new compositions with enhanced protein expression efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. The technology facilitates rapid development of LNPs tailored to different cell types and material properties, promising to accelerate RNA therapy innovation for diseases including obesity and diabetes.