The University of Nebraska's Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center has pioneered the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) with an allogeneic CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy, azercabtagene zapreleucel (azer-cel), marking a world first. Delivered in a Phase I trial, this off-the-shelf approach targets pathological immune cells within the central nervous system, showing promise particularly in progressive MS forms that lack effective therapies. This development represents a significant new avenue for neuroimmunology interventions, blending cellular immunotherapy with neurological disease management.